Knowledge on the mechanisms of tooth development and the processes of tooth eruption is important for understanding childhood dental pathology, its timely recognition and treatment. Teeth eruption is time-determined and complex occurrence influenced by local, systemic and genetic factors. Teeth eruption delayed for more than six months calls for a mandatory clinical and X-ray check-up. The most common primary dentition disorders are eruption cysts and ankylosis, which may affect the eruption of the succedaneous tooth. In general, primary dentition disorders do not require an intervention. Disorders more commonly seen with permanent dentition are tooth retention, impacted and supernumerary teeth that may cause further eruption disturbances, such as ectopic eruption and the development of odontomata or odontogenic cysts. The above disorders require surgical intervention, often combined with orthodontic treatment. States that cause eruption disturbances are mostly asymptomatic and get to be discovered by chance during routine X-ray examinations. Within this context, the most valuable diagnostic tool is a panoramic radiograph that allows for the determination of tooth position and its developmental stage, as well as for the identification of possible pathology or the absence of tooth germ. In children, early dental check-ups should be arranged so as to timely detect dental arch irregularities, diagnose the disorder and start treatment, all of that so as to allow for a normal growth and functioning of a child.