Jaw cysts are pathological cavities of oval and round shape filled with liquid or semi-liquid contents. They are bounded by a cystic membrane which consists of an outer connective and an inner epithelial membrane. According to the classification of the World Health Organization from 2017. cyst of the jaw and soft tissues of the oral cavity are divided into: odontogenic inflammatory cysts and developmental odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts. It is difficult to diagnose cystic lesions based merely on the physical findings and the radiological examinations. Therefore, it is necessary to complete the diagnostic procedure with a needle aspiration of cystic content and possibly other tomographic radiological examinations such as CBCT or MR. Pathohistological diagnosis is the only technique that accurately defines the type of cystic lesion. The principal purpose of the treatment is a complete enucleation of the cyst. The size and the localization of the cyst determines which operative technique is going to be used. Minor jaw cysts, up to 3 centimetres in diameter, are removed by the method of enucleation (Partsch II), regardless of the localization. Large cysts are cysts larger than 3 centimetres in diameter. Such cysts may be removed in the mandible by the enucleation technique (Partsch II), marsupialisation (Partsch I method) and Partsch II method with suction. Large maxilla cysts are operated with rhinological methods, i.e. Caldwell- Luc technique, technique according to Loebel and the already historical cystectomy according to Denker. The decompression method is an operative technique that may be used in both the maxilla and mandible. Notwithstanding the existence of a whole range of surgical techniques for the operation of cysts of the jawbone, the Partsch II technique is the method of choice for the treatment of cysts of both the maxilla and mandible.