As the number of old people increases all over the world so does the need for more appropriate comprehension of the functions of the stomatognatic system during the course of aging. The harmony of all the parts of the stomatognatic system is the condition for its optimal functioning. The stomatognatic system is subject to physiological changes of aging. The loss of teeth is most often linked to patients of older age groups. Such prosthodontic patients become always more and more often fixed prosthodontic patients. With partial loss of teeth there occur changes that result in functional insufficiency. By total loss of teeth there are reduced also the important functions of mastication, speech and the aesthetic appearance. The task of the prosthodontic therapy is to restore patients the mastication, speech, phonetic and occlusion functions as well as the aesthetic appearance. The total denture has to be accepted as part of the system and not as a foreign body. The physiological process of aging determines some changes in toothless patients, which they often compensate in various ways. The aim of the prosthodontic therapy is to restore the patient’s physiognomy to the state the patient had had before the loss of teeth occurred. The state of oral health is closely connected with the quality of elderly persons’ psychical health maintenance. The treatment of an elderly prosthodontic patient involves a series of technical problems. The feeling of natural health, self-confidence and the aesthetic quality are the targets of the stomatognatic system. The total denture is the commonest therapeutic means in treatment of elderly persons. There are total and partial dentures.