When making a prosthetic replacement, it is important to ensure functionality, aesthetics, health of the surrounding tissue and longevity of work. In order to achieve this, a multidisciplinary approach and cooperation between prosthetists and periodontists is needed in order to prepare the patient for prosthetic rehabilitation, and to choose the best material and type of prosthesis for the patient's situation. Biocompatibility is the ability of a material to be in contact with living tissue without harmful effects. The material used for prosthetic purposes is intended to remain in the oral cavity for a long time, thus it is important that it is biocompatible. Another important factor is the fact that the long-term durability of prosthetic replacements depends on the surrounding tissue, so it is important to maintain periodontal and peri-implant health in order to avoid adverse consequences. Periodontal and peri-implant health is the absence of clinical signs of inflammation. This paper is based on a review of literature and a comparison of the biocompatibility of different materials in dental prosthetics and their impact on periodontal health. The materials studied are materials for making crowns and dental bridges, namely zirconium oxide ceramics, lithium disilicate glass-ceramics and metal-ceramics, and materials for making implants - titanium and zirconium oxide. In addition to the choice of material, tooth preparation before prosthetic rehabilitation and its location are important. Supragingival preparation is periodontologically more favorable than subgingival and, if aesthetic requirements allow, it should be used. A review of relevant literature concluded that zirconium oxide is the material of choice for crowns and bridges due to its superior biocompatible properties, as well as the fact that it had no adverse effects on periodontal health. It was also concluded that choosing titanium materials for dental implants is due to good osseointegration, bioinertness and low damage to peri-implant tissue.