The study analyses the possibilities of surgical treatment of large bone cavities in the jaws remaining after removal of large odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts, pseudocystic lesions, odontogenic tumours, gigantocellular jaw lesions or other pathological jaw lesions.The purpose of the study was to determine which methods are used today and with what success. The study was carried out by retrospective analysis of documents collected within the framework of a project financed by the Ministry of Sciences, Technology and Education. The results show that the Partsch II method, once applied exclusively for small jaw cysts, has become the universal method for all large bone cavities, if performed in combination with permanent intraoral postoperative suction or decortication of the jaws. The application of resorptive granular tricalcic phosphate ensures rapid dynamics of the bone healing. The two-phase method for treatment of a large odontoma is an original method which has not been described in the literature to date. Marsupialisation or Partsch I method has become the method for treatment of odontogenic keratocysts, which reduces the occurrence of recurrence by changing the potency of the epithelia of the cystic capsule, and it should therefore be used more frequently in the future. It is concluded that surgical methods do not need to be strictly separated but that they should be combined, depending of the nature of the pathological lesion, localisation, size of the bone defect, anatomic relations of the bony and soft tissue and the patient's general state of health.