| Abstract | Halitoza je neugodan miris izdahnutog zraka. Podaci istraživanja pokazuju da je 87%
zadaha uzrokovano bolestima koje su lokalizirane u samoj usnoj šupljini. Najčešće su
gingivitis, parodontitis i obloženost jezika. U manjem broju slučajeva zadah može biti
uzrokovan sistemskim bolestima kao što su gastrointestinalna stanja (Zenkerov
divertikul, želučana hernija, intestinalni plinovi), bubrežna, pankreasna i jetrena
insuficijencija te ponekad i lijekovi, kao metronidazol.
Dijagnostičke metode u otkrivanju uzroka zadaha mogu se podijeliti na klinička, koja
uključuju organoleptička testiranja uz pomoć osobe kalibrirane za tankoćutni nosni osjet,
i laboratorijska ispitivanja, koja uključuju instrumente koji mogu detektirati komponente
izdahnutog zraka (kadaverin, putrescin, ureja, indol, skatol, metilmerkaptan, vodikov
sulfid). Liječenje zadaha treba biti etiološko, odnosno uklanjanje samog uzroka bolesti,
bilo da se radi o intraoralnom uzročniku ili ekstraoralnom kao što su sistemske bolesti,
pri čemu je onda potreban multidisciplinarni stručni pristup. |
| Abstract (english) | Halitosis is an unpleasant odor of the exhaled breath. Research data show that the majority of cases of bad breath, 87%, are caused by diseases localized in the oral cavity. The most common ones include gingivitis, periodontitis and tongue coating. In a smaller number of cases bad breath may be caused by systemic diseases such as gastrointestinal conditions (Zenker's diverticulum, hiatal hernia, intestinal gases), renal, pancreatic and hepatic insuficiency and sometimes drugs like Metronidazol.
Diagnostic methods in identifying the cause of bad breath can be divided into clinical, including organoleptic testing with the help of a trained expert with an acute sense of smell and laboratory tests including instruments that can detect bad breath components
(cadaverine, putrescine, urea, indole, skatole, methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide). The treatment of bad breath should be etiological, i.e. removing the cause of the disease, whether it be intra-oral or extra-oral such as systemic diseases, which requires a multidisciplinary professional approach. |
