Fractures of proximal femur that primarily occur in the elder population are becoming a serious public-health problem. The main predisposing factor in older age is osteoporosis. Because of that fact, incidence in females compared to males is up to 3 times higher. Main cause in younger population is high-energy trauma such as traffic accident. Fractures of proximal femur are classified according to their location as femoral head fractures, intertrochanteric fractures, femoral neck fractures and subtrochanteric fractures. There are additional classifications for each group. Antero-posterior and lateral RTG, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging are used for diagnostics. Treatment can be nonoperative and operative. Nonoperative treatment is used with some non-displacement fractures, and when surgical treatment presents a life threatening risk for the patient. Operative treatment depends on type of the fracture treatment,and it may be internal fixation, and partial or total prosthetic hip replacement. Mortality rate within first year after treatment is up to 30%. Most of the elder patients have problems with mobility after treatment, and are using cane or walkers. Additional investments are expected in future for treatment of osteoporosis, new operative and rehabilitation techniques, and in the hospital system itself.. That will cause additional load on financial system.