Maxillary sinus floor elevation is an operative procedure that is used to move the sinus floor toward the cranial bone while simultaneously augmenting the bone defect with the purpose of creating sufficient height at the bone fundament, which is necessary for the placement of implants. The techniques for sinus elevation can be divided into the classic ones, which include the open and closed technique, and the modern ones, which include Ballon-Lift- Control sinus elevation technique and piezosurgery. When performing the open sinus lift technique, the sinus is approached from lateral side of the alveolar ridge. If the height of the residual alveolar ridge is less than 5 mm, the implantation has to be delayed for at least 6 months. The closed technique is a minimally invasive procedure with a transcrestal approach and it is indicated where the height of the alveolar bone is between 8 and 10 mm. Balloon-Lift-Control technique is a modification of the classic closed technique where the sinus membrane is raised with hydraulic pressure using a balloon. Instruments in piezosurgery use ultrasonic frequencies that allow micrometer cuts, which are precise and safe because they only treat the mineralized tissue. Contraindications for all techniques are immunocompromised patients with a poor general condition. Complications which can happen during the procedure are the sinus membrane perforation and the laceration of blood vessels and nerves. The most common post operation complications include sinusitis and oroantral fistula, which occur if the perforation of sinus membrane is not treated in time.