The term taurodontism itself was coined by Sir Arthur Keith in 1913 and is a compound of the Old Greek words tauros (ταῦρος), which means the bull, and odontos (ὀδόντος), a tooth. Taurodontism is a morphological tooth anomaly which rarely occurs in modern humans. The lack of constriction at the cementoenamel junction, an enlarged tooth body and pulp chamber and shorter roots are typical features of this condition. It is considered that the condition is caused by the failure of Hertwig's epithelial sheath diaphragm to invaginate (at the proper level). According to the degree of severity Shaw classified taurodontism as hypotaurodontism, mesotaurodontism and hypertaurodontism. Although the condition can occur both in primary and permanent dentition, it is most common in permanent molars. Taurodontism can occur as an isolated trait, incorporated in syndromes or the result of the abnormal number of an X-linked chromosome. Clinically taorodontic teeth look normal, therefore during the dental treatment they are diagnosed after a dental radiograph. Due to their morphological features the treatment of taurodontic teeth can be difficult.