Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucose membrane of the mouth of an unknown etiology. The most commonly affected part is buccal mucosa bilaterally, less commonly tongue, gingiva, palate, lips and the bottom of oral cavity. Changes in OLPs vary in clinical features from reticular form that is in most cases asymptomatic, to atrophic-erosive one, accompanied by symptoms of burns and pain followed by difficulties in food intake. Given the fact that the OLP is a disease of unknown etiology, the treatment is symptomatic and involves suppression of signs and symptoms of the disease using various topical and systemic drugs for that purpose. The first line of therapy for the treatment of symptomatic OLPs are topical corticosteroids, while systemic corticosteroids are used for the treatment of persisting lesions that do not respond to local treatment. However, lack of convincing evidence of the efficacy of previous therapies, including topical corticosteroids, and numerous side effects that have occurred over recent years have resulted in the emergence and development of new therapies. Only some of the therapies mentioned are tacrolimus, efalizumab, dapson, interferon, retinoic acid, photochemotherapy with psoralen and ultraviolet A rays (PUVA), aloe vera, antimalarials, antibiotics and many others. These therapies only partially meet the properties of efficacy and safety of use, justifying the continuous search and testing of new treatment methods.