Stem cells are an undifferentiated type of cells that have the ability to differentitate to specialized cells. Their main features are self-renewal and potency. We differentiate embryonic stem cells which isolate themsleves from embryos in the blastocyst and adult stem cells present in different tissue types. In the early 21st century, dental stem cells were discovered, which can be distinguished as stem cells of dental pulp, periodontal ligaments, apical papillae, dental follicles and deciduous teeth. Stem cells of deciduous teeth show a greater number of diploids and proliferation than the other types of stem cells. In vitro and in vivo studies show their ability to differentiate to adipogenic, hondrogenic, angiogenic, osteogenic and many other specialized types of cells. Their ability to regenerate and repair tissue allows their therapeutic application in the illnesses of the stomatognathic system as well as severe systemic diseases. More recently, the development of stem cells banks have been founded to provide patients with the storage of stem cells for their teeth and their use in the event that donor needs them in the future. The collection of deciduous teeth needs to be done at a dental office under the guidance of a doctor who will assess which tooth is a candidate for the successful stem cell isolation. The stored tooth is then sent to the bank, followed by laboratory processing. We believe that these kinds of services will be available in every dental office in the near future, and opening up a dental bank in Croatia would surely enable these services to a large number of patients.