| Abstract | Razvoj 3D tehnologije i digitalizacija omogućuju razvoj dentalnih skenera i uvođenje digitalnih otisaka u razna područja stomatologije. Dentalni skeneri sastavni su dio CAD/CAM sustava. Dentalne skenere dijelimo na intraoralne koji se koriste unutar ordinacije i laboratorijske koji se koriste ekstraoralno skenirajući otisak ili izliveni radni model. Najčešća tri principa na kojima se danas temelji rad intraoralnih skenera su: triangulacija, aktivno uzorkovanje valne fronte i paralelno konfokalno lasersko skeniranje.
Otisci uzeti dentalnim skenerima pokazuju brojne prednosti u usporedbi s konvencionalnim tehnikama otiskivanja. Vrijeme uzimanja otiska značajno se smanjuje, kao i broj faza rada, što uvelike reducira mogućnost nastanka pogrešaka. Osim smanjenja utroška vremena postoji i mogućnost arhiviranja radova, kao i olakšana komunikacija između ordinacije i laboratorija. Manji fiksni protetski radovi, poput pojedinačnih kruna, napravljeni prema digitalnim otiscima intraoralnih skenera postižu jednaku ili bolju preciznost od klasično uzetih otisaka, ali se ne preporučuju za izradu većih fiksnih radova s većim brojem članova.
Nedostatak intraoralno uzetih otisaka očituje se u nemogućnosti skeniranja subgingivnih preparacija te nepogodnim intraoralnim uvjetima poput sline i krvi koji smanjuju razinu kvalitete otiska. Laboratorijski skener objedinjuje i početnu fazu uzimanja otiska konvencionalnom tehnikom i kasnije digitalno skeniranje te stoga omogućuje rješenje ovog problema. Laboratorijski skeneri mogu se koristiti i za veće protetske radove poput mostova s više od pet članova.
Digitalni dentalni skeneri najviše se koriste unutar protetike, pretežno fiksne, ali raspon primjene zahvaća i ostale grane stomatologije poput ortodoncije i implantologije. |
| Abstract (english) | The development of 3D technology and digitization enables the development of dental scanners and the introduction of digital impressions in various areas of dentistry. Dental scanners are an integral part of CAD/CAM systems. Dental scanners are divided into intraoral scanners which are used in-office and laboratory scanners which are used extraorally for scanning the impression or dental working cast. Three base principles for the work of intraoral scanners are triangulation, active wavefront sampling and parallel confocal laser scanning. Being compared with conventional impressions, digital impressions taken by dental scanners show numerous advantages. The time needed for impressions-making is significantly reduced and the number of work phases shortened, which greatly decreases the possibility of errors. Apart from reduced time consumption, digital impressions also provide the possibility of easy archiving, as well as facilitated communication between the office and laboratory. Smaller fixed prosthetic restorations, such as single crowns, made by intraoral scanners, achieve equal or better precision than classical impressions. Digital impressions, however, are not recommended for fixed prosthetic restorations with a larger number of units.
The disadvantages of intraoral impressions are seen in their inability to scan subgingival preparations and the reduced quality of the impressions in inconvenient intraoral conditions, caused by saliva and/or blood. The laboratory scanner combines the initial phase of the impression-taking by the conventional technique with the digital scanning, thus, offers a solution to the above-mentioned problem. Furthermore, laboratory scanners can be used for larger prosthetic restorations such as bridges with more than 5 units.
Digital dental scanners are most commonly used within prosthetics, predominantly fixed. However, the range of application also includes other branches of dentistry, such as orthodontics and implantology. |
