Fear and anxiety are the biggest obstacles and are a major issue in providing care to paediatric patients. Providing painless dental treatment, especially in the paediatric population is nowadays a ‘conditio sine qua non’. The way children experience anaesthesia, largely depends on the therapist: a distraction, visualization, a slow and safe administering, the use of topical anaesthetics and the introduction of new, supplemental techniques and devices that aim to replace the conventional hypodermic needle. Daily efforts are taken to avoid an invasive and often painful process of administering anaesthesia in order to discover more comfortable techniques than piercing with a needle prior to a surgery. However, despite efforts and research, the injection is still today the method of choice in providing painless dental surgery. Though there are a large number of local anaesthetics, it becomes necessary, especially for the paediatric population, to find the right anaesthetic for a particular indication. One of the safest proven anaesthetics is Mepivakain HCL which causes only a slight vasodilatation and so even without adding a vasoconstrictor, it can be used in daily operations (duration of infiltration anaesthesia is 20, and conductive 40 min). Furthermore, it is the anaesthetic of choice for people in whom the vasoconstrictors are contraindicated. By becoming familiar with the properties and careful selection of local anaesthetics, assessing the health status of the patient, and providing a minimum effective dose that has a beneficial effect, we avoid possible local and systemic complications that occur rarely, but which can occur.