The complex and multifactorial nature of periodontal disease involves an elaborate interaction between specific microorganisms, external modifying and environmental factors, the host's immune response and the genetic and epigenetic factors. Periodontal therapy aims to control the infection and to stop the progression of the disease. Traditional periodontal therapy consists of the following phases: initial therapy, surgical treatment and supportive periodontal therapy, with the aim of eliminating the bacterial biofilm and sustaining the health of the periodontium. Due to the complex interaction of many risk factors and genetical background of the individual, not all patients respond in the same manner to what is considered to be a standard periodontal therapy. Through individualized, patient-centered approach to planning and delivery of the periodontal treatment, these specificities of the patient are taken into account. Patient centered care is a concept of healthcare which presumes the patient in its center, with many advantages in terms of positive outcomes of periodontal treatment in comparison to the traditional, paternalistic approach to healthcare. It gives a significant value to successful and long-term communication with patients, who should also be evaluated outside of the periodontal disease context. Defining the process of periodontal treatment as a partnership, patient should be included by giving them information about their disease, motivating them and explaining the influence of their habits and behaviours on the treatment outcome and progression of periodontal disease. Based on the information they were given, patients get the opportunity to take part in making decisions about their treatment.