Caries is closely linked to the development of dental medicine as a science and has been a clinical discipline from its early beginnings. Given that caries has a biological substrate, it consequently possesses an unpredictable characteristic, as is always the case when viewing particular events in a live medium. Access to caries in clinical practice is based on an appropriate diagnostic system that includes a medical and dental history, clinical signs of caries lesion activity and particular tests that aid in finding patients at high risk of caries. A thorough history and physical examination is followed by an individual planning of treatment, which must conform to the child's age, maturity and cooperativeness. Much effort has been invested in developing a model for predicting caries. The issue of obtaining a completely accurate model has not yet been resolved because the already mentioned complex etiology of dental caries poses some restrictions. The cariogram is one of the more advanced methods that allows us to determine the onset of caries. It takes into account risk indicators and biochemical factors that influence the onset of caries. The most important task is to identify highly vulnerable patients, treat them, implement enhanced preventive measures and promote interest in maintaining good oral health.