A cyst is pathological cavity made of characteristic tissues. It consists of two involucres – inner epithelial one and external binder one. As it grows, the cyst creates a cavity, which can be filled in with watery, mushy or gaseous content. Cysts occurring in connection with a tooth are called odontogenic cysts, and the World Health Organisation divides them into two large groups - developmental and inflammatory cysts - based on their histopathological constitution and etiology. The main aggravating factor in early diagnosis is the fact that cysts don't cause symptoms until they start deforming surrounding anatomical structures with their growth, or until inflammation occurs. Because of that, they are mostly diagnosed by accidental radiological finding. Methods of diagnosis include: anamnesis, clinical examination, radiological examinations, punctate analysis and, for the final confirmation, pathohistological analysis of tissue sample. Odontogenic cysts are removed surgically, and method selection depends on the size, localization and the type of cyst, and also on the patient’s age and general condition. Cysts of smaller diameter are removed by complete exfoliation, also known as enucleation or Partsch II method. Large cysts can open into the surrounding anatomical spaces that they are in close contact with, like vestibule, sinus or nasal cavity. Today, the most widely accepted two-stage surgical technique is to first try to reduce the initial volume of the cyst to a level where it can be completely exfoliated by the enucleation method, keeping the remaining bone defect as small as possible.