Early childhood caries is an infectious bacterial disease that can be defined as any caries that occurs in the first three years of a child’s life. The following prerequisites need to be met for the development of caries: the host where the carious lesion will develop, the presence of bacteria, cariogenic diet, and time. Early childhood caries is also caused by a combination of the aforementioned conditions, but they are accelerated due to frequent breastfeeding at night, inadequate oral hygiene and more frequent consumption of sweetened beverages. Tooth decay most commonly begins as an area of demineralization on the upper front teeth in the cervical area and over time can lead to the loss of the entire crown. Deciduous teeth are extremely important for the growth and development of the entire jaw, but also for chewing, clear speech, keeping place for permanent teeth and the psychological development of a child. This is why early caries prevention is important. If enamel demineralization has occurred, it is important to diagnose and prevent further development of early childhood caries as soon as possible. The mother's education, proper nutrition and good oral hygiene are the most important for early prevention of caries. Treatment can also be performed by making a restorative filling or, if there has been a greater loss of hard tooth tissue, by making crowns. In developed countries, early childhood caries is considered as a form of dental neglect because parents are required to take care of their children’s oral health.