Aim: Patients on hemodialysis have signs of chronic systemic inflammation and higher incidence of sarcopenia. Poor oral health can also trigger systemic inflammation and thus affect sarcopenia. The aim of the study was to examine oral health and the presence of sarcopenia in patients on chronic hemodialysis and to determine whether there is a correlation between them. Materials and methods: The study included 100 patients on chronic hemodialysis who underwent oral status, routine laboratory measurements, bioimpedance analysis of body composition and measurement of hand grip strength. Patients then completed questionnaires: one related to oral health (OHIP-14) and the other related to sarcopenia (SarQoL). Results: 28.0% of the total number of participants (N=100) had sarcopenia. The majority of participants were male (61.0%). Poor oral hygiene was recorded in as many as 39.0% of participants, while 46.0% had their last visit to the dentist several years ago. It is interesting to note that 64.3% of patients with confirmed sarcopenia were last examined by a dentist several years ago, while in those without sarcopenia the proportion was 38.9%. The median total number of erupted teeth in all patients was 12.0 (7.0-23.0). Positive correlation of the total number of erupted teeth and erupted premolars with sarcopenia was confirmed. CRP was significantly elevated in patients with sarcopenia (P=0.035), in contrast to those without sarcopenia (3.45 vs. 2.70). Laboratory parameters showed that the blood albumin level was reduced in all patients (P=0.002). However, in patients with sarcopenia the values were lower in contrast to patients without sarcopenia (37.50 vs. 40.15 g/L). 51% of patients had increased calculus formation, 49% had oral candidiasis, 38% periodontitis, with as many as 24% of petechiae on the mucosa and 22% of dental caries. 8% of patients had an ammonia breath and 4% metallic taste in their mouth. Of all the examined signs and symptoms of oral health, significant differences were observed only in the incidence of dental caries, which was significantly more common in the group which did not have sarcopenia (P=0.031). However, it should be noted that in patients with sarcopenia total edentulousness was present in 17.9% as opposed to 9.7% in patients who did not have sarcopenia, i.e. 12% of the total number of participants had total edentulousness. Moreover, in 21% of patients with sarcopenia a complete denture was present in combination with a partial denture, while that was the case in only 9.7% patients without sarcopenia. The median total score of OHIP-14 questionnaire in all subjects was 12 (4-17.75), while the median score in patients with sarcopenia was 13.50, in contrast to patients without sarcopenia where it was 12.0. The overall score of OHIP-14 did not achieve a significant correlation with sarcopenia. The median overall score of SarQoL questionnaire for all participants was 60.37 (43.87-70,61), and since the maximum score of 100 indicates a poorer quality of life, it can be concluded that patients on hemodialysis are aware of their problems and limitations caused by sarcopenia. Moreover, SarQoL was significantly negatively correlated with sarcopenia, which confirms the accuracy of the used questionnaire. Thus, the median overall score in patients with sarcopenia was significantly lower at 43.63 (30.10–60.56) versus 62.78 (49.83–74.24) in patients without sarcopenia. All domains of the SarQoL questionnaire (physical and mental health–D1, movement–D2, body composition–D3, functionality–D4, daily life activities–D5, fears–D7) except domain 6 (free activities) reached a significant negative correlation with sarcopenia. Conclusion: This study confirmed poorer oral health in hemodialysis patients who had sarcopenia. Therefore, intervention studies are needed to improve oral health of patients on HD, which could possibly influence the incidence and severity of sarcopenia.