The loss of alveolar ridge bone can be caused by trauma, tooth extraction, inflammatory processes, pathological changes, developmental defects, and periodontal diseases, which makes it difficult to further plan and perform therapy. Bone deficiency impairs the functional and aesthetic needs of the successful therapy. It is possible to correct bone defects and create optimal conditions for further procedure with bone augmentation. Defect replacement can be corrected with autologous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, or alloplastic bone grafts. Autologous bone replacement is the gold standard in alveolar ridge augmentation. In addition to bone grafts, growth and membrane factors can be used. Growth factors promote healing and the formation of the new bone, while membranes serve as a barrier and allow for smooth healing. Depending on the type, location, and size of the bone defect, the clinician chooses an alveolar ridge augmentation technique. GBR – guided bone regeneration, distraction technique, ridgesplit technique and onlay bone grafting, as well as maxillary sinus floor lifting have proven to be satisfactory methods. Bone preservation methods include alveolar preservation. Today’s advances in technology also use 3D bioprinters and a CAD/CAM system, which facilitates and accelerates the surgical procedure and reduces the risk of infection. The combination of several techniques can replace the alveolar bone in the horizontal and vertical directions while compensating for the bone defect and creating optimal conditions for the placement of dental implants. The success of therapy depends on the choice of material, the chosen surgical method, and the skill of the clinician.