In the case of irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis, classical therapy involves root canal treatment. Such therapy does not enable healing and regeneration of pulp tissue because pulp or pulp remnants are removed chemomechanically during the endodontic treatment where endodontic space is hermetically sealed using root canal filling materials. Regenerative endodontics is an alternative option used for regeneration of dentine-pulp complex and it is based on three basic components: stem cells that can differentiate into pulp cells, bioactive molecules - growth factors, that initiate and promote cell differentiation and a scaffold that mechanically supports cells and provides them with favorable environment. Sources of stem cells from dental tissues are dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, gingiva or alveolar bone. Dental pulp stem cells are most commonly used because they are easily accessible and have an exceptional ability to differentiate. According to available research, by using stem cells, pulp- and dentin-like tissues are obtained, the pulp is vascularized and innervated and the differentiated cells are similar to odontoblasts and produce mineralized tissue. However, regenerated tissues do not necessarily have the original pulp architecture and function. In addition, potential problems are: apical foramen size, growth factor and scaffold properties, stem cells isolation and culture methods, clinical handling, feasibility and treatment costs. Future in vivo studies should demonstrate the success and potential complications of stem cell transplantation.