Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology. Bacterial biofilm is a key factor, but not decisive for the development, severity and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontal tissue changes that occur during physiological periods, including menopause, and during the use of hormone therapy, have aroused interest in elucidating the impact of hormonal changes on the periodontium. During menopause, hormone levels change, and these changes are noticeable in the oral cavity. Periodontal health is most affected in these circumstances and is often accompanied by an unpleasant dry mouth feeling, often coinciding with a reduction in salivation and the presence of burning mouth syndrome. Hormone replacement therapy used to treat the disease and alleviate unpleasant menopause symptoms has been shown to improve oral health. Osteoporosis occurs as a long-term consequence of estrogen deficiency. It causes a decrease in the height of the alveolar ridge, and research has shown a greater presence of edentulousness in osteoporotic women. Osteoporosis is not considered an etiological factor associated with periodontitis, but is thought to have an impact on the progression and severity of the disease. Since the 1990s, the use of bisphosphonate drugs in treating osteoporosis is seen as treatment for periodontitis. Findings show that hormones can alter host response to plaque and thus indirectly contribute to periodontitis. Given that periodontitis poses a risk to general health which is already compromised by age-related changes and hormonal changes, and can be prevented, emphasizing the importance of prevention is important. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature showing that changes occurring during menopause affect periodontal tissues as well as the onset and course of the disease.