| Abstract | Tijekom metalurških procesa proizvodnje neželjeznih i željeznih metala kao i njihovih legura, nastaju onečišćujuće tvari anorganskog i organskog podrijetla koje u značajnoj mjeri opterećuju okoliš. Kao onečišćujuće tvari, koje su često dio otpadnih plinova, obično se pojavljuju CO, CO2, CH4, SO2, NOx, NH3, H2SO4, HCl, HF, HCN, H2S, prašina, ali i niz organskih spojeva kojima se ne posvećuje dovoljna pozornost. Organske onečišćujuće tvari su najčešće benzen, fenol, policiklički aromatski ugljikovodici, poliklorirani bifenili (PCB), poliklorirani dibenzo-p-dioksini (PCDD) i poliklorirani dibenzofurani (PCDF).
Poliklorirani dibenzo-p-dioksini i poliklorirani dibenzofurani koje pojednostavljeno nazivamo dioksini i furani ili skraćeno PCDD/F, među organskim onečišćujućim tvarima iz procesa proizvodnje čelika, zbog svojih fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava zauzimaju posebno značajno mjesto. Naime, s obzirom na svoju vrlo visoku toksičnost, izraženu postojanost u okolišu i sposobnost bioakumulacije u živim organizmima, nužno je poduzeti sve moguće potrebne mjere kojima bi se spriječilo njihovo nastajanje u metalurškim procesima čelika kao i mjere sprječavanja njihovog širenja u okoliš.
U ovom radu je posebna pozornost bila usmjerena na proces proizvodnje čelika elektropećnim postupkom kao izvora onečišćenja zraka dioksinima i furanima te su prikazani načini sprječavanja njihovog nastajanja u ovom procesu, kao i metode uklanjanja iz otpadnih plinova, ako je nastajanje ovih vrlo štetnih onečišćujućih tvari bilo neizbježno. |
| Abstract (english) | During the metallurgical production of non-ferrous and ferrous metals as well as their alloys, pollutants of inorganic and organic origin with a significant impact on the environment are produced. Pollutants, that are often in a gaseous state and are part of waste gases, can be CO, CO2, CH4, SO2, NOx, NH3, H2SO4, HCl, HF, HCN, H2S, dust and other organic compounds which are usually not further investigated. Most common organic pollutants are benzene, phenol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF).
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), or as they are also known as dioxins and furans or PCDD/F for short, deserve special mentioning among the organic pollutants in the steel production process, as their physico-chemical properties are of a particular importance. Due to their high toxicity, persistence in the environment and the ability to bio accumulate in the living organisms, it is imperative to take all necessary steps to prevent their formation in metallurgical steel processes as well as to ensure measures to prevent their spread to the environment.
This paper, analyses steel production by electric arc furnace process as a source of air pollution by dioxins and furans. Methods of preventing their formation during this process as well as the methods of their removal from the waste gases have been demonstrated. |
