Exposure to chemical substances in the public healthcare sector represents a complex issue with serious implications for the health of workers. Despite the crucial role that public healthcare plays in preserving and improving the health of the population, it is often overlooked that employees in this sector regularly come into contact with various chemicals that can pose significant risks to their health. The working environment in public healthcare varies from hospitals to laboratories, but exposure to chemicals is a common challenge. Medical staff, laboratory technicians, and cleaners encounter various chemical substances in their daily work, including disinfectants, medications, anesthetics, and cleaning chemicals. Exposure to these chemical substances can originate from various sources, including improper handling, inadequate ventilation systems, and non-compliance with safety protocols. The consequences of such exposure can include respiratory problems, skin reactions, carcinogenicity, and neurological disorders. It is crucial to understand the impact of these chemicals on workers' health to take appropriate prevention and protection measures. Technical, organizational, and personal protective measures play a pivotal role in reducing risks. Identifying specific chemicals in the public healthcare sector and analyzing their impact helps enhance the understanding of risks. Ultimately, raising awareness of these challenges and implementing appropriate protective measures are key elements in ensuring a safe working environment for public healthcare workers. This research provides a deeper insight into the issues faced by these workers and how these issues are addressed to safeguard their health and well-being.