| Abstract | Ciljevi. Izmjeriti stav znanstvenika o plagiranju u biomedicini. Procijeniti namjeru plagiranja temeljem pozitivnog i negativnog stava i učestalost plagiranja temeljem subjektivne norme. Utvrditi razlike u stavu između mlađih, neiskusnijih i starijih, iskusnijih znanstvenika obzirom na sociodemografske osobine, akademsku uspješnost i osobine ličnosti.
Ispitanici i metode. U istraživanju provedenom tijekom 2012. i 2013. godine sudjelovalo je 177 znanstvenika, od kojih 131 znanstveni novak i 46 autora koji su poslali rad za objavljivanje u Croatian Medical Journal (CMJ). Znanstvenici su on-line ispunjavali 3 upitnika: Stav o plagiranju, Mracna trijada D3-27 i Skala socijalne poželjnosti, koristeći mrežni servis SurveyMonkeyTM.
Rezultati. Izmjeren je umjeren ukupan stav o plagiranju (58±16), te tri faktora koji ga čine: pozitivan stav (25±8), negativan stav (30±4) i subjektivna norma za plagiranje (21±5). Utvrđena je učestalost plagiranja od 32% do 46%, vlastitog samoplagiranja od 26% do 32%, a 2% ispitanika priznalo je plagiranje. Utvrđeno je da su znanstvenici s manje objavljenih radova u bazi podataka Current Contents/Science Citation Index Expanded (CC/SCIE) (P<0,001) i s niskim stupnjem makijavelizma (P=0,050) manje skloni plagiranju, dok su znanstvenici s visokim stupnjem psihopatije više skloni plagiranju (P=0,016). Znanstvenici iz
Hrvatske imali su značajno negativniji stav od znanstvenika iz drugih država (P=0,005). CMJ autori skloniji su plagiranju od znanstvenih novaka (P<0,001) bez obzira na sociodemografske cimbenike, akademsku uspješnost i osobine ličnosti. Pokazalo se da su najbolji prediktori stava o plagiranju psihopatija za negativan stav (8,41%) i subjektivne norme (3,61%) i makijavelizam za pozitivan stav (2,56%). Prediktor države zaposlenja značajno objašnjava negativan stav (2,56%). Čimbenik skupina posreduje u međudjelovanju psihopatije i makijavelizma na stav o plagiranju, smanjujući doprinos psihopatije, a pojaćavajući doprinos makijavelizma. Ispitanici su iskazali visoku sklonost socijalno poželjnom odgovaranju.
Zaključci. Sklonost plagiranju je umjereno niska, ali zbog visoke sklonosti socijalno poželjnom odgovaranju opravdano se tumači kao umjerena. Osobine ličnosti psihopatija i makijavelizam značajno su doprinijele objašnjavanju stava o plagiranju. Plagiranje možemo predvidjeti temeljem visokog stupnja psihopatije i demotivirajuće okoline koji oblikuju negativan stav. Nadalje, plagiranje se može predvidjeti temeljem izražene crte makijavelizma koja objašnjava pozitivan stav i temeljem manjka moralnih vrijednosti koje se očituju u visokoj subjektivnoj normi. |
| Abstract (english) | Aim. To measure the attitude toward plagiarism of scientists in biomedicine. To evaluate the intent to plagiarize based on positive and negative attitude and frequency of plagiarism based on subjective norms. To determine the differences in attitudes between younger researchers with less experience and older researchers with more experience considering the sociodemographic characteristics, academic success and personality traits.
Participants and Methods. The survey study was conducted during years 2012 th and 2013th. Participants were 177 scientists, 131 research fellows and 46 authors who send their articles to Croatian Medical Journal (CMJ). Scientists fulfilled three questionnaires: The Attitude Toward Plagiarism, The Dark Triad D3-27 and The social desirability scale. The questionnaires were available on-line through SurveyMonkeyTM web service.
Results. The attitude towards plagiarism was moderate, 58±16, positive attitude was 25±8, negative attitude was 30±4 and subjective norm for plagiarism was 21±5. The incidence of plagiarism has been estimated from 32% to 46%, self-plagiarism from 26% to 32%, and 2% of respondents admitted plagiarism. Scientists with less published papers indexed in Current
Contents/Science Citation Index Expanded (CC/SCIE) data base (P<0.001) and low levels of Machiavellianism (P=0.050) were less prone to plagiarize, but scientists with a higher level of psychopathy were more prone to plagiarize (P=0.016). Scientists from Croatia had significantly higher negative attitude compared to scientists from other countries (P=0.005).
CMJ authors were more prone to plagiarize than research fellows (P<0.001) in despite of socio-demographic factors, academic success and personality traits. Predictors of plagiarism were psychopathy for negative attitude (8.41%) and subjective norm (3.61%) and Machiavellianism for positive attitude (2.56%).The predictor of negative attitude was also the
country of provenience (2.56%). The research group was the moderator between psychopathy/Machiavellianism and the attitude towards plagiarism, reducing the contribution of psychopathy, and enhancing the contribution of Machiavellianism. Social desirable responding was high.
Conclusions. Propensity to plagiarism was moderate to low , but given the high propensity of socially desirable responding , the tendency can be interpreted as moderate. Predictors of the attitude towards plagiarism were psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Plagiarism can be predicted in case of a high degree of psychopathy and incentive less environment, visible from low negative attitude, in case of high Machiavelism present in positive attitude and in case of lack of moral values as a predictor of high subjective norm. |
