Miscanthus x giganteus is a highly efficient energy crop that finds its application in various fields, primarily for biofuels. According to this research, it can be applied for technical textiles such as filters or as a reinforcement in the production of composite materials as well. Due to its high productivity, non-invasiveness, and resistance to different climates, Miscanthus becomes an important raw material for the petrochemical, construction, paper, and textile industries. Energy crops are becoming increasingly important, both in agronomy and the textile industry due to its sustainability and cost-effectiveness of production processes. For that reason is Miscanthus x giganteus, as one of the representatives of energy crops, chosen for the topic of this thesis. The aim of this work was to extract fibers from the Miscanthus giganteus stem in an economic and ecologically accepted way. The thesis presents the possibility of different processing treatments application, which are divided into preliminary and final. Preliminary research determined oxidative treatment with hydrogen peroxide and microwave technology as the best. In final procedure, chosen method was optimized by finding the optimal bath ratios and microwave treatment duration. For the morphological characterization of the isolated fibers, Dino-Lite and the FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) were used to determine fiber length and appearance. The obtained results confirmed the potential of Miscanthus x giganteus as an ecological and sustainable source of cellulose fibers that can be applicable in various fields of industry and technology.