Asperger's syndrome is a developmental disorder of the autism spectrum that is diagnosed later than the autistic disorder. Along with autistic disorder (Kanner's syndrome), and other pervasive developmental disorders such as Rett's syndrome, atypical autism and disintegratative disorder, it falls into the spectrum of autistic disorders. The main features of Asperger's syndrome are qualitative damaging of social interactions, unusual interests and stereotypical patterns of behavior, delays in speech language development, and the limitation of cognitive development. Asperger's syndrome was described for the first time by Hans Asperger in 1944 when he called it autistic psychopathy. The syndrome should, by definition, be included in personality disorders, but classification systems (MKB-10 and DSM-IV) include it in pervasive developmental disorders. Until recently, the opinion was that Asperger's syndrome is a variant of autism. Today, Asperger's syndrome is considered a subset of the autistic spectrum, which has its own diagnostic criteria. The aim of this paper is to elaborate the features of Asperger's syndrome by examining scientific and professional literature. Also, other disorders, their causes, diagnosis, symptoms, and therapy are described in the paper. The prognosis of Asperger's syndrome depends on the clinical picture, but also on the intellectual level of the child. Adult persons of average intelligence with this syndrome mainly live and work independently. Hans Asperger mentions a positive prognosis for such children, though he emphasizes behavioral disorders as well as some psychological disorders occurring later.