| Abstract | Utemeljitelj waldorfske pedagogije je Rudolf Steiner. Steiner je zasigurno bio jedan od centralnih ličnosti u alternativnim pedagoškim koncepcijama usmjerenih prema odgoju djece. Osim toga, bio je filozof, utemeljitelj antropozofije na čijim temeljima proizlazi waldorfska pedagogija, utemeljitelj biološko - dinamičke poljoprivrede, euritmije, antropološke medicine kao i organske arhitekture. Waldorfska pedagogija temeljena je na holističkom pristupu gdje se dijete promatra kao cjelovito biće te mu se tako i postupa u njegovu odgoju i obrazovanju. Temeljni cilj waldorfske pedagogije je uravnotežiti djetetov duhovni i zemaljski dio, a istovremeno pružajući mu slobodu u odgoju. Također, bitno je razvijati djetetove misaone sposobnosti, razvoj praktičnih i radnih aktivnosti te poticati dječju kreativnosti i maštovitost. Takva pedagogija ne obraća se izričito samo djetetovom intelektualnom dijelu, već na ravnopravnoj osnovi korespondira i sa njegovim osjećajnim svijetom te snaži njihovu volju i interese. Waldorfski odgojitelj centralna je ličnosti u waldorfskoj pedagogiji i od njega se očekuje da djetetu bude njegov duhovni pomagač. Osim toga, waldorfska se pedagogija temelji na razmišljanju da je svaki odgoj u svojoj osnovici zapravo samoodgoj čovjeka, pa je na odgojitelju zadaća ne narušavati djetetovo „Ja“, već da mu pruži uvid u duhovne zakonitosti i da mu osigura sigurnu okolinu gdje će se dijete moći optimalno razvijati. Waldorfska pedagogija proizlazi iz antropozofske nauke, a sukladno tome dijete se promatra kao slobodno tročlano biće koje se sastoji od tijela, duše i duha. Kao takva ona bi trebala promicati odgoj prema slobodni, odnosno promicati pravo pojedinca da postane i razvije sve ono što je kao pojedinac sa sobom donio na zemlju. Jedino uz poštivanje i sukladno razvijanje sva tri djela djetetova bića, uz osluškivanje djetovih potreba i interesa te uz poštivanja djetetove slobode, waldorfski odgojitelj može pružiti ono što je za djetetovo najviše dobro. |
| Abstract (english) | The founder of Waldorf pedagogy is Rudolf Steiner. Steiner was certainly one of the central personalities in alternative pedagogical concepts geared towards the upbringing of children. In addition, he was a founder of anthroposophies on which basis Waldorf pedagogy was built, also he was the founder of biological - dynamic agriculture, founder of eurythmy, anthropological medicine as well as organic architecture. Waldorf Pedagogy is based on a holistic approach where a child is viewed as a whole being and is treated as such in his upbringing and education. The fundamental objective of Waldorf pedagogy is to balance the child's spiritual and earthly part, while at the same time giving him freedom in his childhood. It is also important to develop a child's ability to think, to develop practical and work activities and to encourage creativity and imagination. Such pedagogy does not address explicitly only the child's intellect, but on an equal footing corresponds to the child's emotional world and enhances the child's will and interests. The Waldorf educator is a central figure in Waldorf pedagogy and is expected to be a spiritual helper for the child. In addition, Waldorf pedagogy is based on the current of thought that each education actually consists on a self-upbringing of every individual, so that the child's educator does not disturb the child's "I," but gives it insight into spirituality and provides a safe environment where the child is able to optimally develop. Waldorf pedagogy derives from anthroposophical science, according to which the child is viewed as a free being consisting of body, soul, and spirit. As such, it should promote an upbringing towards freedom, respectively promoting the right of an individual to become and to develop everything he has already brought with him to earth as an individual. Only with the respect and development of all three parts of the child's being, listening to the child's needs and interests and respecting the child's freedom, the Waldorf educator can provide the child with what is best for him. |
