Phonological awareness is the subject of many researches. Together with alphabet knowledge, phonological awareness is considered as key factor for reading acquisition. It is very important to encourage the development of phonological awareness, especially in preschool age. There are researches which have confirmed the possibility of influence on phonological awareness development. The thesis further explains phonological awareness, difference between phonological and phonemic awareness, and describes researches which include phonological awareness. The research which this thesis includes is focused on alphabet knowledge within children which are attending the preschool programme. The research was conducted in Dječji vrtić Duga Resa and it involved 41 children. Main goal of this research was to examine which letters children can recognize easier and if they can recognize the letters which are initials of their first name and last name. The research was conducted in February 2020. Results of the research have confirmed stated hypothesis. Children showed that they can easier recognize simple than complex grapheme. The research also confirmed that almost all children can recognize letters which are initials of their name while initials of their last name they recognized harder.