| Abstract | Računalna tehnologija nezaustavljivom brzinom prodire u svaki djelić
ljudskog života i rada. Djeca nove tehnologije primaju na drugačiji način od odraslih,
jer odrastaju s novim izazovima. Uloga učitelja je usmjeriti učenike kako kreativno
koristiti informacijsku tehnologiju te njome podignuti razinu obrazovanja u cjelini.
Danas je nastava informatike izborni predmet u onim osnovnim školama koje
za to ispunjavaju tehničke i kadrovske uvjete. Teži se tome da se sljedećih godina
informatika uvede kao obavezni predmet od 1. razreda osnovne škole. Informatika je
idealno područje kroz koje se kod djece mogu razvijati vještine koje su nužne za
cjeloživotno učenje, poput logičkog, stvaralačkog i apstraktnog mišljenja,
kreativnosti, učenja metodom pokušaja i pogrešaka, stalnim dopunjavanjem i
ispravljanjem vlastitog rješenja te korišt enjem različitih izvora znanja.
Korištenje osnovnih alata za rad na računalu je svakako korisno, kao što je
korisno i poznavati osnove programiranja. I dok danas djeca, sutra odrasli, možda
neće kroz život morati programirati, dobro će im doći praktično znanje o načinu na
koji funkcioniraju tehnologije koje koriste i okvirno shvaćanje toga što s njima mogu
postići. Jedan od alata za početno učenje programiranja je Scratch, programski jezik i
razvojno okruženje za stvaranje priča, igara, animacija, glazbe i drugih interaktivnih
sadržaja na računalu, posebno osmišljen kako bi bio pristupačan i zanimljiv djeci. U
ovom radu bit će objašnjen način programiranja aplikacija u Scratchu, te će na
jednostavnim primjerima biti prikazana struktura programa sastavljena od grafičkih
blokova koji predstavljaju naredbe. Također, na primjerima će biti prikazane
mogućnosti korištenja ovog programa u osnovnoj školi u pojedinim predmetima. |
| Abstract (english) | Computer technology is spreading at an unstoppable pace into every part of
human life and work. Today, children are getting familiar with new technologies in a
different way than adults, because they are growing up with the new challenges. The
role of the teacher is to direct students to use information technology creatively and,
thus, raise the level of education in general.
Today's computer science classes are offered to students as an elective subject
in primary schools that meet the technical and personnel requirements. The main
goal is to introduce information technology in the coming years as a compulsory
subject in the first grade of primary school. Informatics is an ideal area through
which children can develop the skills necessary for lifelong learning, such as logical,
creative and abstract thinking, creativity, learning by trial and error, upgrading and
perfecting their own solutions continuously and using different sources of
knowledge.
Knowledge and ability to use essential tools and related technology
efficiently, are today’s must have skills, as well as possessing a range of skills
covering levels from basic programming techniques to advanced problem solving.
While today's children are tomorrow’s adults and may not have to be programmers
for a living, they will get practical knowledge on how the technology they use
actually works and the indicative understanding of what can be achieved with it. One
of the tools for initial learning of programming is Scratch, a programming language
and development environment for the creation of stories, games, animation, music
and other interactive content on the computer, specifically designed to be accessible
and interesting to children. This paper will explain how to build applications by
programming in Scratch, and the simple examples will be shown through the
program structure which consists mainly of graphical blocks that represent
commands. Also, the examples included in this paper demonstrate the possibility for
use of Scratch with primary schools in certain subjects. |
