| Abstract | U ovom završnom radu govorit će se o deficitu pažnje/hiperaktivnom poremećaju.
Detaljno će biti opisan sam poremećaj koji se skraćeno naziva ADHD, njegovi
simptomi, mogući uzroci nastanka, tipovi te socio – emocionalni razvoj djece s
ADHD – om. Djeca, kojoj je dijagnosticiran ADHD poremećaj, imat će nedostatak
samokontrole što dovodi do toga da su takva djeca često odsutna i impulzivna u
obavljanju i najobičnijih aktivnosti. Djeca s takvim ponašanjem često se nazivaju
neodgojenima jer su neki od simptoma nemirno sjedenje, stalna aktivnost, trčanje,
razni agresivni ispadi, nenamjerno ozljeđivanje sebe ili drugih i slično. Kako ne bi
došlo do potpunog izbjegavanja takvog djeteta od strane okoline, treba se
dijagnosticirati na vrijeme. Dijagnosticirat će se ukoliko utječe na djetetovo
svakodnevno funkcioniranje te ako se pojavljuje u više sredina (vrtić, roditeljski
dom, igralište). Uzroci su i danas nepotpuno istraženi, ali kao jedan od glavnih
uzroka navodi se nasljedna komponenta. Osim nasljedne komponente, mogući uzroci
ADHD – a su genetički, perinatalni i okolinski čimbenici. U dijagnosticiranju
poremećaja trebaju sudjelovati liječnik ili dječji pedijatar, psiholog, defektolog,
logoped i dječji psihijatar. Svi navedeni stručnjaci trebaju pažljivo proučiti dijete,
njegove roditelje, obiteljsko stablo i okolinu jer ne postoje striktni testovi koji bi
potvrditi postojanje poremećaja pozornosti i hiperaktivnosti. S obzirom na to da
simptomi nisu jednaki kod sve djece postoje tri tipa ADHD poremećaja, a to su:
hiperaktivno – impulzivni tip, nepažljiv tip i kombinirani tip. Kod djece s ADHD –
om bez obzira na tip poremećaja, bitni su roditelji. S roditeljima djeca provedu
najveći dio svoga djetinjstva pa je idealno da se roditelji više informiraju o
spomenutom poremećaju ili da se prema djetetu ponašaju autoritativnim stilom
odgoja. Navedeni stil odgoja karakterizira toplina i brižnost, ali i čvrsta kontrola koja
je djeci potrebna. Tijekom života djeca se susreću s mnogim osudama i
predrasudama iako su one neistinite i plod društvene ne informiranosti. |
| Abstract (english) | This final paper will discuss attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The disorder
itself, abbreviated as ADHD, will be described in detail, its symptoms, possible
causes, types and socio - emotional development of children with ADHD. Children
who are diagnosed with ADHD disorder will have a lack of self-control leading to
such children being often absent and impulsive in performing even the most ordinary
activities. Children with such behavior are often called uneducated because some of
the symptoms are restless sitting, constant activity, running, various aggressive
outbursts, unintentional injury to oneself or others, and the like. In order to avoid the
complete avoidance of such a child by the environment, it should be diagnosed in
time. It will be diagnosed if it affects the child's daily functioning and if it appears in
several environments (kindergarten, parental home, playground). The causes are still
incompletely investigated, but one of the main causes is the hereditary component. In
addition to the hereditary component, possible causes of ADHD are genetic,
perinatal, and environmental factors. A doctor or pediatrician, psychologist, special
educator, speech therapist and child psychiatrist should be involved in diagnosing the
disorder. All of the above experts should carefully study the child, his parents, family
tree and environment because there are no strict tests that would confirm the
existence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Since the symptoms are not the
same in all children, there are three types of ADHD disorder: hyperactive - impulsive
type, inattentive type and combined type. In children with ADHD, regardless of the
type of disorder, parents are important. Children spend most of their childhood with
their parents, so it is ideal for parents to be more informed about the disorder or to
treat the child with an authoritative parenting style. This style of upbringing is
characterized by warmth and care, but also the firm control that children need.
Throughout life, children encounter many condemnations and prejudices even
though they are untrue and the fruit of social ignorance. |
