The family structure in the modern world is different from the traditional family system. In the traditional view, the ideal family consists of a father, mother, child, or children, preferably of different genders. In modern times, such form of family is still present, but it is no longer the only acceptable model. Through this paper, I will show how the family changes over time and what new types of families have evolved over time. The purpose of this final paper is to explain in more detail everything about modern families, and to get better acquainted with their characteristics, their family cultures and through attempts to answer the problems and challenges they face. Today there are still nuclear and extended families, but also extramarital communities or cohabitations, divorced families from which reconstructed families can emerge, families without children by their own decisions, same-sex families, single-parent families, adoptive families, calendar families and virtual families. Some authors say that harmony in family can only be achieved in the family only in the presence of both parents, while others hold that one person, father, mother or guardian, could also be responsible. A lot of research has been conducted on how modern families affect children, so I will pay more attention to them in my work. Research shows the negative consequences of single-parent, divorced or same-sex families, while a few base them on positive effects. Society is accustomed to established family patterns, so the family nowadays has to deal with a lot of prejudice. Over time, children are also exposed to prejudices that sometimes they do not know how to deal with but with the help of people that they trust, such as parents, guardians, educators and teachers they can learn to handle it.