| Abstract | Stil života u gradskoj i ruralnoj sredini, mogućnosti bavljenja tjelesnom aktivnošću bilo u školi, nekoj ustanovi ili u slobodno vrijeme, ukazuju na stalnu potrebu za novim istraživanjima. S tim istraživanjima bi se utvrdile razlike morfoloških karakteristika, razlike u razini tjelesne aktivnosti s obzirom na mjesto stanovanja, bilo u urbanoj ili ruralnoj sredini.
Upravo je to bio cilj i ovog istraživanja koje se provelo u dvije sredine, urbanoj (grad Zagreb) i ruralnoj (Špišić Bukovica, Gradina). Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 82 sudionika (44 učenika i 39 učenica) prvih razreda u 4 osnovne škole. Uzorak varijabli sastojao se od tjelesne visine, tjelesne mase, indeksa tjelesne mase, kožnih nabora leđa, kožnih nabora nadlaktice, postotka tjelesnih masti te razine tjelesne aktivnosti koja je utvrđena putem Fels upitnika. Dobiveni podaci analizirani su putem deskriptivne statistike, a za utvrđivanje razlika između učenika i učenica s obzirom na spol i mjesto stanovanja korišten je t – test za nezavisne uzorke.
Učenici gradske sredine prvog razreda imaju prosječnu veću tjelesnu visinu, manju tjelesnu masu (manji ITM), prosječno manje kožne nabore i manji postotak potkožnog masnog tkiva, ali ono što je začuđujuće je da im je ukupna tjelesna aktivnost manja iako više vremena provode baveći se sportom od učenika koji žive na selu. Učenici koji žive u ruralnoj sredini imaju prosječno lošije rezultate u varijablama koje se tiču kožnih nabora, a samim time i postotka potkožnog masnog tkiva te imaju veći indeks tjelesne mase. Kada se radi o ukupnoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti učenici ruralne sredine postižu bolje rezultate od učenika urbane sredine.
Ovim istraživanjem došlo se do zaključka da se učenici s obzirom na mjesto stanovanja statistički značajno ne razlikuju previše u mjerenim morfološkim varijablama. Ukupna razina tjelesne aktivnosti između učenika ruralne i urbane sredine je neznačajno veća kod učenika ruralne sredine, no ukupna tjelesna aktivnost učenika i učenica ispod granice zadovoljavajućeg. |
| Abstract (english) | The lifestyle in urban and rural areas, the possibilities of engaging in physical activity either at school, an institution or in leisure time, indicate a constant need for new research. With these researches would be determined differences in morphological characteristics, differences in the level of physical activity with respect to place of residence, whether in urban or rural areas.
This was exactly the goal of this research, which was conducted in two environments, urban (city of Zagreb) and rural (Špišić Bukovica, Gradina). The research was conducted on a sample of 82 participants (44 male and 39 female students) of the first grades in 4 primary schools. The sample of variables consisted of body height, body mass, body mass index, skin folds of the back, skin folds of the upper arm, percentage of body fat, and the level of physical activity determined by the Fels questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, and a t - test for independent samples was used to determine the differences between male and female students with regard to gender and place of residence.
First-grade urban students have an average higher body height, lower body weight (lower BMI), on average smaller skin folds and a lower percentage of subcutaneous fat, but what is surprising is that their total physical activity is lower even though they spend more time playing sports from students living in the rural area. Students living in rural areas have, on average, worse results in variables related to skin folds, and thus the percentage of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and have a higher body mass index. When it comes to overall physical activity, rural students achieve better results than urban students.
With this research we came to the conclusion that students with regard to place of residence do not differ statistically significantly too much in the measured morphological variables. The overall level of physical activity between rural and urban students is slightly higher among rural students, but the total physical activity of male and female students is below the satisfactory limit. |
