| Abstract | Izum papira je osnova razvoja čovječanstva te je njegova upotreba bila izrazito bitna u izražavanju pismom i slikom. Kasnije je shvaćena njegova mnogostruka uporaba. Oblikovanje papirom je ono s kojim se prvo susrećemo. Papir, kao materijal u prostornom oblikovanju, je jednostavan za uporabu te je vrlo povoljan što ga čini čestim odabirom u nastavi likovne kulture. Oblikovanje papirom i didaktički neoblikovanim materijalima nazivamo prostorno-plastičkim tehnikama oblikovanja. Ostale tehnike prostorno-plastičkog oblikovanja su glina, glinamol, plastelin, gips, bronca, drvo, kamen, žica, lim, aluminijska i bakrena folija. Papir-plastika podrazumijeva oblikovanje papira na različitim oblikovnim postupcima; gužvanjem, presavijanjem, urezivanjem i lijepljenjem. Didaktički neoblikovan materijal je svaki materijal koji je izgubio svoju uporabnu vrijednost te će poslužiti u prostorno-plastičkom oblikovanju. Modeliranje, kombiniranje, variranje i razlaganje odnosa volumena i prostora razvija finu motoriku šake te vizualno i taktilno opažanje. Nastava likovne kulture je gubljenjem satnice izgubila svoj značaj te se smatra tek odgojnim dijelom odgojno-obrazovnog procesa. Proces oblikovanja je zanemaren, a cilj je postao poučavanjem teorije učenike upoznati sa svijetom umjetnosti. Obzirom da je oblikovanje papirom jednostavno, lako dostupno i jeftino, a dobrobiti koje pruža daleko premašuju trud koji je potrebno uložiti, namjera je pisanjem ovoga rada pridonijeti češćem korištenju tehnike kaširanja u planiranju i izvođenju nastavnog sata likovne kulture. Temeljni zadatak rada s djecom bio je predstaviti tehniku kaširanja, demonstrirati ju i kod učenika potaknuti želju za izražavanjem ovom tehnikom koja nudi širok raspon izražajnih mogućnosti. |
| Abstract (english) | The invention of paper represents the basis of development of civilization and humankind, its usage being the vital part of expressionism using written word and imagery. It was not until later that the wide usage of paper was discovered. What we encounter first is creating shapes using paper. Paper as a material in spatial molding is cheap and simple to use, which makes it a common choice in art education. Shape molding using paper and didactically unformed materials are considered to be a sculpting technique. Other sculpting techniques are: clay, glinamol, plasticine, plaster, bronze, wood, stone, wire, sheet, aluminum and copper foil. Paper sculpture assumes different ways of paper molding: by crumpling, folding, carving and gluing together. Didactically unformed material is any kind of material which lost its use value and will serve its purpose in sculpting techniques. Modeling, combining, varying and decomposing the relationship between volume and space develops fine hand motor skills and visual and tactile perception. For the most part, art education has lost its significance with the loss of the portion of art classes per week, and is now considered mostly educational in the social aspect, and not so much in the cognitive aspect. The process of creating new art has been neglected, and instead the goal became to introduce students to the world of art by reading about it. Since paper sculpting is simple, easily accessible, and inexpensive, and the benefits it provides far outweigh the effort required, it is intended to use this technique more often in art class planning. The main task was to present the technique of papier-mâché, to demonstrate it and to encourage creativity in students' expression by using paper. |
