Traditional teaching must and can be significantly improved by modern teaching and learning techniques. Researchers have long been interested in the ways in which beginners adopt programming concepts and the challenges they face in teaching novice programmers. Computer science studies computers and algorithmic processes have the task of recognizing what is interesting to students. Students need to program or create and specifically use algorithms, not just program to program. The role of the teacher is to identify when students create misconceptions and modify the teaching method appropriate to creating proper mental models of programming concepts. In this thesis, the emphasis is on the development of computer thinking and computer programming, i.e. methodological guidelines for processing the programming concept of the while loop are proposed, assuming that such an approach will not develop erroneous concepts of the loop and that the concept of programming conditional loop will be able to be applied to other programming languages, regardless of syntax. The while loop was chosen because beginners were shown to have difficulty understanding that program structure. Methodical instructions are processed according to the theory of constructivism in the Python programming language. Python programming language was chosen because it proved to be suitable for novice developers due to its simple syntax and multiple programming paradigms, which facilitates the transition to other programming languages.