| Abstract | Secesija je jedan od naziva za stilsko razdoblje s kraja devetnaestog i početka dvadesetog stoljeća. Nastala je kao odgovor mladih revolucionarnih umjetnika na dotadašnja ustaljena pravila i norme koje nisu pratile duh vremena te nisu dopuštale razvitak netradicionalnih umjetničkih formi. Mladi su se umjetnici, u buntu, okupili u vlastite zajednice te osnovali tzv. secesije. Otvarali su galerije, održavali izložbe te neopterećeni arbitrarnim granicama nastojali izraziti svoju umjetnost i misao u njenom najiskrenijem i najčišćem obliku. Secesija je postala globalni pokret u kojemu je bilo nužno osloboditi se konvencija i prošlosti.
Značajke koje karakteriziraju secesiju su florealni motivi, krivudavi i zavojiti potezi, harmonične i jarke boje, dvodimenzionalnost i nova prostorna rješenja u arhitekturi. Pojavljuje se tendencija veličanja dekorativne svrhe funkcionalnih predmeta. Najznačajniji predstavnici slikarstva secesije su Gustav Klimt i Alphonse Mucha, dok su najznačajniji predstavnici arhitekture ovog razdoblja zasigurno Antonio Gaudi i Otto Wagner.
Dječje likovno stvaralaštvo od izuzetne je važnosti za razvoj djeteta. Prije nego što se počne verbalno izražavati, dijete komunicira gugutanjem, gestama, ali i crtežom. Njegov crtež preslika je onoga što se odvija u njemu te ima svoje specifičnosti što se tiče likovnog izražaja u određenoj razvojnoj formi djeteta. Uloga učitelja obuhvaća stimuliranje izražaja, upoznavanje s novim umjetničkim djelima uz pomoć različitih didaktičkih metoda, a najčešće su korištene metode estetskog transfera. Pritom, edukatori moraju biti svjesni svih nijansi u djetetovom izražaju i važnosti značenja tih nijansi.
Poveznica između secesije i dječjeg likovnog stvaralaštva nalazi se u u njihovoj zaigranosti i iskrenosti. Djeci je secesija primamljiva upravo radi toga što obiluje jarkim bojama, krivudavim linijama te se ne zamara konvencionalnošću. Za potrebe diplomskog rada osmišljene su i provedene aktivnosti u sklopu kojih su učenici upoznavali razdoblje secesije, skiciranje štukatura te izradu štukatura glinamolom. |
| Abstract (english) | Secession is one of the general global terms for an art period in history which occured at the end of 19th, and at the beginning of 20th century. It has emerged as a response of many young, revolutionary artists to the stale rules and norms of their predecessors which didn't follow the times or even allow art to develop in a different direction. Young artists have formed their own units, called secessions and opened galleries, held exhibitions, and very early on, found out that this want of artistic independance is the same around the world. Thanks to that, secession has become a global movement in which it was absolutely necessary to forgo traditions and conventions of the past, and to, without arbitrary boundaries, express one's art and thought in the most sincere and purest of ways.
Motifs which characterize secession are nature, gentle lines, swirling lines, harmonic and bright colors, lack of dimension and lack of predictability. There is a tendency to glorify the decorative purpose of functional objects. The most famous painters from secession are Gustav Klimt and Alphonse Mucha, while the most famous architects are Otto Wagner and Antonio Gaudi.
Childs' artistic expression is of extreme importance in the proper development of a child. Before it begins to verbally express itself, a child uses motions, unclear sounds and most of all, drawing, as a method of communication with himself and the world. His drawing is a reflection of his innermost conditions and has its specifics when it comes to the developmental stage of the child. During that, the main role of an educator is to stimulate expression, to acquaint the child with the art, most often using the method of aesthetic transfer. Educators also have to be aware of the subtle nuances in the childs' expression.
The link between secession and childs' artistic expression lies within its playfulness and honesty. Children find this period attractive because of the bright colors, swirly lines and the fact that it doesn't have to be anything. With my students I have come up with two activities during which they learn about secession: drawing of the facade details (stucco) and modeling of the facade details. |
