The purpose of this thesis is to get to know the culture of Aboriginal Australians in Australia, how their school system works today and what problems they face. The thesis will present the key historical events that were decisive in the formation of the position of the Aboriginal Australians, and what changes they brought with them. The aim is to bring the reader closer to all the historical circumstances - from the settlement of Australian Aboriginal Peoples on the Australian mainland, their beliefs, habits and culture, all the way to the arrival of Europeans on a newly discovered continent, which changed the whole structure of the society. Australian Aboriginal Peoples were forced to adapt to the new values that Europeans brought with them, and they were on the verge of losing their own cultural identity. Aboriginal children were often separated from their parents, forced to forget their historical heritage, and adapt to the values of European culture. Unfortunately, the assimilation attempt led to major problems among Aboriginal Australians. Poverty, poor health, alcohol use disorder, violence, a sense of non-belonging and a lack of motivation for education are just some of the consequences felt in today’s society among Aboriginal Australians. Australian Aboriginal Peoples are still often misunderstood in society because their beliefs and the way of life differ from the expected European ways. It is very important to align the school system with Aboriginal cultural identity, because only a curriculum that nurtures Aboriginal cultural values can bring positive changes into society. Furthermore, it is extremely important to encourage the education of Australian Aboriginal Peoples so that they can pass on the values of their heritage to new generations. Today’s situation in Australia’s education system and the position of Australian Aboriginal Peoples has improved immensely compared to the past, but despite this, today’s Aboriginal Australians are still discriminated and isolated from society so a lot of effort is needed to make it possible for them to finally live up to their beliefs and learn proudly about their culture.