Infectious rash diseases are common in preschool institutions, most often kindergartens and nurseries, due to the population's characteristic profile and with specific risks for the transmission of infectious diseases that affect them: children in groups that are cared for together. The aim of this paper is to describe the most common infectious rash diseases in preschool children, and to describe the methods of treatment and prevention of these diseases. The most common infectious rash diseases in preschool children are measles, rubella, chicken pox, infectious erythema, roseola infantum, hand, foot and mouth disease, and scarlet fever. Most infectious rash diseases pass mostly without severe complications and have a common feature of rash. Treatment depends on the type of cause of the infection. The infection is caused by various microorganisms, most often viruses, then bacteria, fungi, parasites or protozoa. Depending on the type of disease, appropriate prevention measures are recommended. As prevention measures in pre-school institutions, health education measures and general prevention measures are implemented. Educators should regularly teach children and parents about the importance of general hygiene measures, proper hand washing, the importance and benefits of regular vaccination, and teach parents about prevention measures in the event of a particular disease. In case of outbreaks of small infectious diseases such as measles, the competent person in preschool institutions is obliged to report it to the epidemiological service in order to take further prevention measures. It is important to emphasize the importance of vaccination for diseases for which vaccines are available and reducing the number of patients.