The name of Maria Montessori is one of the most respected names in the history of pedagogy. With her specific approach, she put the child at the center of events, respecting their individuality and freedom. This work presents her rich biography and the way her specific method and approach came about, the basic assumptions and principles that guide Montessori pedagogy, and the importance of her approach in areas essential for the child's development from the earliest age. The pedagogy that came from observing the child through his spontaneous activities and focusing on his sensitive periods was considered revolutionary for the time in which it was created, and Marija Montessori became a significant name that is now known all over the world. One of the main goals of Montessori pedagogy is to help and enable the child's smooth development by providing him with support consistent with his developmental level so that the child develops his own independence and responsibility through making decisions related to his own development. She believed that the child does not need direct instructions, but an indirect approach that will help him to independently do everything he can and progress through the experience of doing and acting. The motto of Montessori pedagogy is "Help me to do it myself", which will prove to be an effective approach that enables the child to work independently on his own development through play and freedom of choice. The paper also explains the areas dealt with by Montessori pedagogy, which include almost all developmental areas where a small child needs to acquire certain knowledge in order to become an equal member of the community in which he was born, and how didactic materials can be used to achieve appropriate development in the area of language.