Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children characterized by wheezing, cough, shortness of breath and a feeling of tightness in the chest. Asthma is a good example of a multifactorial disease in which several separate factors which may be responsible for an asthma attack and the clinical manifestations of the disease act together. The development of extrinsic asthma is most often influenced by various external factors, such as nutritional and inhalation allergens, smoking and tobacco smoke, cold, polluted air, which can cause the disease in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Exposure to infections can cause wheezing, which may be manifestation of so called virus-induced broncho-obstruction, which is different entity than asthma. In the etiology of allergic (extrinsic) asthma, atopy has an important role appearing mostly in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Result of atopy is creation of a large amount of immunoglobulin E antibodies also called reagins. Treatment of the child aimed at reducing inflammation and controlling the increased reactivity of the airways aiming to live a normal life with as few asthmatic attacks as possible, while maintaining normal lung function and the quality of life. It is important to educate parents, children, and kindergarten teachers on how to prevent an attack of the disease, and when an asthma attack begins, educated people will know and react effectively on time so that the disease does not worsen. It is important to ensure emotional stability and calm down the child during the onset of an asthma attack, which will give the child a sense of security.