At the beginning, it is explained what the social and educational conditions were in Croatia at the turn of the 19th century. This period was chosen as a starting point because the end of that century marked the beginning of modern education in Croatia. In addition, the social status of women was experiencing great progress and they were increasingly beginning to participate in public social life. Namely, at the turn of the 19th century into the 20th century, Croatian society was patriarchal and was far behind in cultural and economic development. The social position of women was unfavorable, and educational opportunities were extremely poor. The school system pursued a “gender policy” that discriminated against women within the education system and prevented them from having an equal and quality education. Gender policy sought to raise women into future mothers, wives and housewives in accordance with their natural "feminine" characteristics. Due to such social position, there was a desire to improve women's education and create better opportunities. With this in mind, various reforms were enacted which ensured women’s social emancipation and better education. The opening of the Temporary Women's Lyceum as the first women's high school, compulsory schooling for all children regardless of gender, equalization of teachers 'salaries, the establishment of the Croatian Pedagogical and Literary Association, teachers' assemblies and the first women's magazine are just some of the significant changes that have made progress. Marija Jambrišak, Marija Fabković and Jagoda Truhelka will be mentioned as significant women who, with their pedagogical work and exceptional social commitment, improved women's education and served as a role model for all women in the fight for their equality. In the end, this paper will describe the entry of women into the teaching profession. It is important to mention that in this period the teaching profession experienced feminization. The number of female teachers began to grow, and the social status of the profession began to change.