Title Autizam kod djece predškolske dobi Author Jelena Rašić Mentor Maša Malenica (mentor)Committee member Maša Malenica (član povjerenstva)Committee member Monika Kukuruzović (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ivan Zeljković (član povjerenstva) Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2023-08-28, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Poremećaji autističnog spektra javljaju se najranijem djetinjstvu, već prije prve godine djetetovog života. Iako konkretan uzrok nastanka poremećaja nije otkriven oni se manifestiraju na vrlo složen način. Dijete s autizmom nema razvijenu komunikaciju, često zaostaje u govoru, ne uspostavlja emocionalne veze s bliskim osobama odnosno roditeljima te se ne uključuje u socijalnu interakciju. Istraživanja pokazuju da se autizam javlja u 1 od 100 poroda. Stručnjaci su podijeljeni u teorijama uzroka ali dokazano je da genetski čimbenici znatno utječu na razvoj poremećaja. Autizam je često popraćen intelektualnim oštećenjima koja mogu biti većeg ili manjeg intenziteta. Autizam je prvi opisao L. Kanner, američki psihijatar, na čijim se teorijama temelje i
aktualna istraživanja. Kod neke djece s autizmom, posebice Kannerovim sindromom, se javlja posebna nadarenost, u literaturi se za takvu djecu koristi naziv autistic-savant. Nadarenost autistične djece uobičajeno se javlja na području pamćenja, matematike, glazbe itd. te one mogu biti i kombinirane. Iako su kroz povijest djeca s autizmom bila hospitalizirana, nerijetko i odbačena, danas ih se nastoji u potpunosti ravnopravno uključiti u program redovitih skupina predškolskih ustanova. Inkluzijom djeca s autizmom postaju ravnopravni vršnjacima redovita razvoja. Istraživanja ukazuju na brojne pozitivne rezultate inkluzije. Djeca s autizmom u vršnjacima pronalaze potrebne modele te oponašanjem stječu socijalne kompetencije te razvijaju emocionalne i prijateljske veze. Glavnu ulogu u procesu inkluzije ima odgojitelj. Stjecanjem stručnih kompetencija te radom na sebi odgojitelj postaje uspješan u poučavanju djeteta s autizmom te u njemu dijete i roditelji pronalaze potrebnu podršku i razumijevanje.
Abstract (english) Autism spectrum disorders occur in early childhood, before the third year of the child's life. Although the specific cause of the disorder has not been discovered they manifest in a overly complex way. A child with autism does not have developed communication, often lags in speech, does not establish emotional ties with close people and does not engage in social interaction. Research shows that autism occurs in one out of hundred births. Experts are divided in theories of causes but it has been proven that genetic factors influence the development of the disorder. Autism is often accompanied by intellectual impairment that can be of greater or lesser intensity. Autism was firstly described by L. Kanner, an American psychiatrist, on whose theories current research is based. Some children with autism show special giftedness, in literature called autistic-savant. The giftedness od autistic children appears in the areas of memory, matemathics, music and they can be combined. Although throughout history children with autism were hospitalized, and often rejected, today they are included in the program of regular groups of pre-school. Through inclusion, children with autism become equal to peers with regular development. Research indicates numerous positive results of inclusion. Children with autism find models in their peers and by imitating them acquire social competence and develop emotional and friendly bonds. The main role in the process of inclusion is played by the pre-school teacher. By acquiring professional competence and working on themself, pre-school teacher becomes successful in teaching a child with autism, and in him the child and parents find role model, support and understanding.
Keywords
autizam
inkluzija
odgojitelj
stručne kompetencije
Keywords (english)
autism
inclusion
pre-school teacher
professional competences
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:501470 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2024-01-09 10:32:08
