Abstract | Kiparske tehnike u ranom i predškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju nazivaju se tehnikama prostorno-plastičkog oblikovanja. Tehnike prostorno-plastičkog oblikovanja su glina, glinamol, plastelin, gips, bronca, drvo, kamen, žica, lim, aluminijska i bakrena folija, papir-plastika, kaširana papir-plastika i didaktički neoblikovani materijali. Ove tehnike djeci omogućuju likovno izražavanje modeliranjem i građenjem u različitim materijalima. U odgojnoobrazovnom procesu u području modeliranja najčešće se koriste glina, glinamol, plastelin, žica i papir, a u području građenja papir, drvo, karton, žica i drugi didaktički neoblikovani materijali. Rad s navedenim materijalima usmjeren je na postupke modeliranja, kombiniranja, variranja i razlaganja odnosa volumena i prostora, što razvija vizualno i taktilno opažanje i oblikovnoprostorno mišljenje. Ovim se radom propituje uloga tehnika prostorno-plastičkog oblikovanja u likovnom razvoju djece rane i predškolske dobi. Razvoj kreativnih sposobnosti i estetskog senzibiliteta predškolske djece razvija se crtežom, bojom, ali jednako tako i formom u prostoru. Upravo u izazivanju te motorne ekspresije važnu ulogu u likovnom izražavanju djece predškolske dobi ima oblikovanje u prostoru. Modeliranje ima izuzetan značaj za svestran i uspješan likovni razvoj djeteta. To je prirodniji i lakši način likovnog predočavanja predmeta s kojima se dijete svakodnevno susreće. U svakodnevnom praktičnom radu, likovno se izražavanje najčešće svodi samo na oblikovanje na plohi, odnosno crtanje i slikanje, dok je oblikovanje u prostoru, kao područje izražavanja stvaralačke aktivnosti djeteta, nedopustivo zanemareno u predškolskim ustanovama. Iz tog razloga, cilj rada je istražiti utjecaje uporabe tehnika prostorno-plastičkog oblikovanja na razvoj likovnog izražavanja djece rane i predškolske dobi te potaknuti buduće i sadašnje odgojitelje na češće uključivanje navedenih tehnika u praktični rad s djecom. |
Abstract (english) | Sculptural techniques in early and preschool education are called techniques of spatial plastic design. Spatial-plastic modeling techniques are clay, plasticine, plaster, bronze, wood, stone, wire, sheet metal, aluminum and copper foil, paper-plastic, coated paper-plastic and didactic non-shaped materials. These techniques allow children to express themselves artistically by modeling and building in different materials. In the educational process in the field of modeling, clay, plasticine, wire and paper are most often used, and in the field of construction, paper, wood, cardboard, wire and other didactic unshaped materials. The work in the mentioned materials is focused on the procedures of modeling, combining, varying and breaking down the relationship between volume and space, which develops visual and tactile perception and shape-spatial thinking. This paper examines the role of spatial-plastic shaping techniques in the artistic development of children of early and preschool age. The development of creative abilities and aesthetic sensibility of preschool children develops through drawing, color, but also form in space. It is precisely in evoking this motor expression that shaping in space plays an important role in the artistic expression of preschool children. Modeling is extremely important for the all-round and successful artistic development of a child. It is a more natural and easier way of visual representation of objects that a child encounters on a daily basis. In everyday practical work, artistic expression is most often reduced only to design on the surface, that is, drawing and painting, while design in space as an area of expression of the child's creative activity is inadmissibly neglected in preschool institutions. For this reason, the aim of the paper is to investigate the effects of the use of spatial-plastic design techniques on the development of artistic expression of children of early and preschool age. |