The subject of this graduate paper is the Relation between the characteristics of written and spoken language among elementary school children. The research behind the paper was conducted in the lower grades of the Sesvete elementary school. The aim of the study was to determine the features of written and spoken language of elementary school children in order to improve the process and techniques of teaching Croatian to schoolchildren. The research consisted of two parts: studying written and studying spoken language. The students who participated in the study had to retell a tale they had read (provided by the author). Their written accounts were gathered, and verbally narrated tales were recorded. The study was conducted on the lexical and syntactic level of language. The macrostructure of children’s tales, sentence length in relation to age and language modality (written and verbal narration), and lexical diversity in relation to the age of the students and language modality (written and verbal narration) were examined in the texts composed by second- and third-grade children. According to the results of the research, secondand third-grade students can consistently form tales on the macrostructural level. On the syntactic level of language analysis, the research results show that there is a statistically relevant difference in sentence length in relation to age and language modality. On the lexical level of language, the research shows that lexical diversity differs in relation to age and language modality.