| Abstract | Émile Jaques Dalcroze, švicarski skladatelj i pedagog, zaslužio je titulu jednog od najvećih svjetskih inovatora i vođa glazbenog obrazovanja. Također je visoko cijenjen zbog svojeg doprinosa u muzikoterapiji i s tjelesno nemoćnima. Sav njegov rad i pedagoška otkrića potječu iz jedne stavke; njegove kvalitete kao učitelja, spareno s njegovom ljubavlju i posvećenosti glazbi. Opći nedostaci koje je Jaques-Dalcroze identificirao u općem glazbenom obrazovanju njegova vremena bili su povezani s općom zanemarenošću iskustva u zapadnoj kulturi, posebno dualističkim pogledom na um i tijelo unutar profesionalnog obrazovanja glazbenika. Prema njegovu stajalištu, problem leži u znanju stečenom vizualnim osjetilom, teorijskim pristupom i apstrakcijama, u usporedbi sa slušanjem, osjećajem, dodirom i djelovanjem koji se pokazuju mnogo prirodnijim za usvajanje glazbenih fenomena. Dalcroze je sav svoj rad usmjerio na pronalaženje načina koji kombiniraju osjet, osjećaj, razmišljanje i tjelesni rad sa slušanjem i pokretom tijela, ne bi li riješio ovaj disbalans. Cilj mu je bio osvijestiti svoje učenike, tj. učiniti ih mentalno i kinestetički aktivnim, a to postiže poticajem individualnosti svojih učenika popraćenim pozitivnim afirmacijama. Primjenom Dalcrozeove euritmike u radu s djecom baletnog studija “Školjkica”, nastojala sam utvrditi djelovanje te približiti proces usvajanja i izvođenja euritmičkih vježbi. Primjena u tom smislu potkrepljuje ono što je obrađeno u prethodnom, teorijskom dijelu diplomskog rada. Iako se primjena u radu ne odnosi na djecu glazbene ili općeobrazovne škole, kao što je to najčešće slučaj, smatram da može biti jednako kredibilna. Korišteni materijal je inspiriran Dalcroze literaturom uz određene promjene i novitete, a primjena je provedena u sklopu nekoliko euritmičkih vježbi koje su raspoređene u dvije kontrolne skupine djece; mlađa i starija grupa. Sudjelovalo je svega 17 djece ženskog spola u prostoru baletnog studija “Školjkica”, u kojemu su djeca proteklih godina pohađala satove baleta. Cilj ove primjene je postići sve ono što Dalcroze i o navedenoj problematici dostupna literatura navodi kao moguće putem njegove metode; razvijanje glazbenog izražavanja, vježbanje koncentracije, poticanje kreativnosti, primjena iskustva u svrhu usvajanja novih znanja, poticanje individualnosti, razvoj samopouzdanja te razvoj socijalnih vještina. |
| Abstract (english) | Émile Jaques Dalcroze, a Swiss composer and pedagogue, earned the title of one of the world's greatest innovators and leaders in music education. He is also highly regarded for his contribution in music therapy and with the physically disabled. All his work and pedagogical discoveries originate from one source; his qualities as a teacher, coupled with his love and dedication to music. The general shortcomings that Jaques-Dalcroze identified in the general music education of his time were related to the general neglect of experience in Western culture, especially the dualistic view of mind and body within the professional education of musicians. According to him, the problem lies in the knowledge acquired through the visual sense, theoretical approach and abstractions, compared to: hearing, feeling, touch and action which prove to be much more natural for the acquisition of musical phenomena. Dalcroze focused all his work on finding ways to combine sensation, feeling, thinking and physical work with listening and body movement in order to resolve this imbalance. His goal was to make his students aware, i.e. to make them mentally and kinesthetically active, and he achieves this by encouraging the individuality of his students accompanied by positive affirmations. By applying Dalcroze's eurhythmics with the children of the “Školjkica” ballet studio, I try to determine the effect and bring forward the process of adopting and performing eurythmic exercises. Application in this sense supports what was discussed in the previous, theoretical part of the thesis. Although the application in the work does not refer to children in music or general education schools, as is often the case, I believe that it can be equally credible. The material used was inspired by Dalcroze literature with certain changes and novelties, and the application was carried out as part of several eurythmic exercises that were distributed among two control groups of children; a younger and an older group. 17 female children participated in the space of the ballet studio “Školjkica”, where the children attended ballet lessons in the past years. The goal of this application is to achieve all that Dalcroze and related literature states is possible through his method; developing musical expression, practicing concentration, encouraging creativity, applying experience for the purpose of acquiring new knowledge, encouraging individuality, developing self-confidence and developing social skills. |
