Given the increasingly prominent trend of emigration among the Croatian population and the many consequences it has on the Croatian economy, there is a growing need for research that examines migration and the underlying factors influencing this phenomenon. The first aim of this study was to examine whether there is a difference in personal and national identity between Croats living in the Republic of Croatia and first-generation Croatian emigrants. The second aim was to investigate whether certain sociodemographic characteristics, duration of living abroad, maintaining ties with the homeland, and the level of national identity, successfully predict the return intention of first-generation Croatian emigrants. A total of 237 participants (159 women) with an average age of 29.76 years (SD = 8.56) participated in the study. Participants were divided into two sub-samples based on their place of residence. The first sub-sample consisted of 123 participants (85 women) living in the Croatia, while the second sub-sample consisted of 114 participants (74 women) who had emigrated from the Croatia during their lifetime. Participants in the first sub-sample reported on their personal and national identity through self-report measures and answered questions about their sociodemographic data. Participants in the second sub-sample also reported on their personal and national identity, sociodemographic data, certain aspects of life abroad, and their intention to return to their homeland through self-report measures. The results of the study showed a statistically significant difference in the level of national identity between participants living in Croatia and first-generation emigrants, where participants from Croatia reported stronger national identity. Regression analysis results indicated that the return intention of first-generation emigrants is significantly predicted by gender, maintaining ties with the homeland and national identity. Men, those who maintained stronger ties with the homeland, and those with a stronger Croatian national identity expressed a greater intention to return to their homeland. These findings may be useful for shaping policies and programs aimed at supporting emigrants and facilitating their integration or return to the homeland.