| Abstract | Opsada Dubrovnika 1806. godine posljedica je sukoba francuske vojske predvođene
maršalom Lauristonom i udruženih rusko-crnogorskih četa pod zapovjedništvom crnogorskog
vladike Petra I. Petrovića Njegoša. Duboki uzroci ovoga sukoba sežu do sredine 18. stoljeća,
odnosno do uspostavljanja ruske dominacije na Balkanskom poluotoku prilikom čega je došlo
da zaoštravanja dubrovačko-ruskih odnosa. Na pragu 19. stoljeća Europu je zahvatilo ratno
stanje uzrokovano širenjem Francuske revolucije i Napoleonovim pohodima, protiv kojih je
oformljeno gotovo sedam koalicija. Nizom Napoleonovih vojnih pobjeda francuska se vojska
postepeno približavala granicama Dubrovačke Republike s ciljem prodora prema jugoistoku
Europe i oslabljenom Osmanskom Carstvu. Nudeći se kao zaštitnica pravoslavnog
stanovništva, na isto je područje djelovala i ruska vojska nastojeći preventivno zaustaviti
Napoleonove naume. U dva navrata, nakon Campoformijskog i Požunskog mira, Rusko
Carstvo je preotelo novostečene francuske posjede, najprije otok Krf s kojega se olakotno
utjecalo na crnogorskog vladiku. Pod takvim okolnostima ruski viceadmiral Dmitrij
Nikolajevič Senjavin zauzeo je i Boku kotorsku s vladikom te izvršio blokadu
južnodalmatinskih otoka. Suprotno tome, Napoleon je protivnika odlučio preduhitriti na
kopnu naredivši brzo i tajno zauzimanje Dubrovačke Republike, no taj zadatak maršal
Lauriston u potpunosti nije ispunio. Rezultat svega bilo je dvadesetodnevno bombardiranje
gradske jezgre Dubrovnika i dotad nezabilježeno pustošenje njegove šire okolice. Dolazak
francuskog pojačanja na čelu s mrašalom Molitorom označio je kraj opsade, no sporim
napredovanjem prema Boki kotorskoj borbe na dubrovačkom tlu potrajale su još godinu dana.
Pitanje prestanka francuske okupacije zajedno s isplatom nanesene materijalne štete postalo je
neizvjesno. |
| Abstract (english) | The siege of Dubrovnik in 1806. is a consequence of a conflict between the French
armed forces, leaded by marshall Lauriston, and joined Russian - Montenegrian troops, under
command of the Montenegrin bishop Petar I. Petrović Njegoš. Deep causes of this conflict
date back to the mid-18th century, that is, until the establishment of Russian domination on
the Balkan penninsula, which led to the intensification of Dubrovnik-Russian relations. On
the verge of the 19th century, Europe was gripped by the state of war caused by the spread of
the French revolution and Napoleon's conquests, which almost seven coalitions were formed
against. Through a series of Napoleonic military victories, the French army gradually
approached the borders of the Republic of Dubrovnik with the aim of penetrating the
southeast of Europe and the weakened Ottoman Empire. Offering itself as the patron saint of
the Orthodox, the Russian military operated in the same area, trying to prevent Napoleon's
plans from being carried out. Twice, after the Treaty of Campo Formio and the Peace of
Pressburg, the Russian Empire recaptured the newly acquired French possessions, first the
island of Corfu from which the Montenegrin Bishop was easily influenced. Under those
circumstances, Russian Vice Admiral Dmitry Nikolaevich Senjavin also occupied Boka
Kotorska with the Bishop and blocked the southern Dalmatian islands. Napoleon, on the other
hand, decided to pre-empt the enemy on land by ordering a fast and secret occupation of the
Republic of Dubrovnik, but Marshal Lauriston did not fulfill this task completely. The result
was a twenty-day bombing of the city center of Dubrovnik and a, until that moment
unrecorded, desolation of its sorroundings. The arrival of the French reinforcement, led by
marshall Molitor marked the end of the siege, but the conflicts on Dubrovnik grounds lasted
for another year, due to their slow progress towards Boka Kotorska. The question of the
termination of the French occupation, together with the payment of the material damage
caused, became uncertain. |
