Endophthalmitis is one of the most urgent conditions in ophthalmology. It is manifested by inflammation of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye and occurs as a result of a bacterial or fungal infection. Most cases occur after a penetrating eye injury or intraocular surgery (exogenous). Less commonly, infection through the blood reaches the eye from a primary site of infection, after surgery elsewhere in the body, or when an intravenous approach or treatment is used (endogenous). The standard in the diagnosis are Gram staining and cultures of aspirates of the anterior chamber and vitreous. Initial treatment is carried out by intravitreal administration of antibiotics, most often vancomycin and ceftazidime. The prognosis regarding vision is often poor, even with early and proper treatment. This is the first study that analyses the incidence of endophthalmitis in Dubrovnik-Neretva County. This study included 36 respondents, who were diagnosed with endophthalmitis in the period from January 1st 1997. to December 31st 2016. The average annual number of endophthalmitis in this study is 1.8 and the incidence of endophthalmitis in Dubrovnik-Neretva County is 1.5 per 100,000 inhabitants.