Banks are a fundamental subject of every financial system. If the financial system is developed then the state economy is also developed. In order for banks to operate successfully, they must successfully maintain liquidity and minimize credit risks. In order to succeed, they conduct various surveys of future clients and adhere to the prescribed regulatory rules of liquidity ratios prescribed by central banks. In order to remain liquid, they must successfully collect their receivables and settle their debts on time. In order to avoid the problem of collection of receivables, they use collateral debt recovery instruments. These are instruments that protect the bank or company or any regular person from losing their claims, helping them to successfully and fully charge for their services and products so they can maintain liquidity optimally. Uncollected receivables put a bank or company in a state of insolvency, which is the first step towards bankruptcy. In order to avoid unnecessary borrowing to compensate for losses incurred due to uncollected receivables and to maintain a positive liquidity ratio, we use various types of collateral. The most common collateral instruments used are promissory notes, guarantees, mortgages, bills of exchange, compensatory balance and insurance policies. In addition to the above, credit institutions also offer the services of various guarantees and letters of credit. These are also instruments for debt recovery and collection of receivables by which the bank performs payment services for a third party if it requests it or if it is unable to pay properly at the time the collection is due. All these instruments bring additional security to the bank and companies, and which of them is used and when, depends on the situation and the service provided.