Title Ciljevi oporezivanja, izbjegavanje porezne obveze i prevaljivanje poreza
Title (english) The objectives of tax policy, tax evasion and avoidance
Author Anđela Družijanić
Mentor Sanda Kapetanović (mentor)
Committee member Marija Vučković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Tomislav Batur (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Dubrovnik (Faculty of Economics and Business) Dubrovnik
Defense date and country 2017-09-28, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Economics Finance
Abstract U ovome radu se obrađuju teme: ciljevi oporezivanja, izbjegavanje porezne obveze i prevaljivanje poreza. U prvom dijelu rada se upoznajemo sa oporezivanjem i njegovim ciljevima, te na koji način ti ciljevi utječu na državni proračun. Fiskalni ciljevi su usmjereni na zadovoljavanje potreba države za novčanim sredstvima. U suvremenim državama uz fiskalne ciljeve oporezivanjem se žele ostvariti i nefiskalni ciljevi oporezivanja. Oporezivanjem se nastoje ukloniti uzroci koji dovode do poremećaja ravnoteže na tržištu (npr. uvođenjem novog poreza ili povećanjem poreznih stopa).
Izbjegavanje plaćanja poreza i nenamjeravano prevaljivanje poreza snažno utječe na raskorak između učinaka i ciljeva oporezivanja. Naime kod porezne evazije nisu ubrana planirana sredstva, pa su za iznos evazije smanjeni javni prihodi, dok su kod prevaljivanja poreza ubrani planirani prihodi, samo što su osobe koje stvarno snose porezni teret različite od osoba koje bi trebale snositi porezni teret. Izučavanje mogućnosti odnosno varijanti da dođe do porezne evazije jedan je od prvorazrednih zadataka suvremene financijske teorije i prakse. Naime, uspije li većem broju poreznih obveznika izbjeći plaćanje poreza te dogodi li se to u većim iznosima, nesumnjivo će biti ugroženo ili čak onemogućeno izvršenje određenih zadataka iz nadležnosti države, odnosno neće biti ostvareni ciljevi porezne politike.
Efekt porezne evazije i prevaljivanja poreza za poreznog obveznika je jednak, te će se on u pravilu kad god je moguće radije riješiti poreznog opterećenja prevaljivanjem poreza, jer za prevaljivanje nisu predviđene sankcije kao za nezakonitu poreznu evaziju. Sa stajališta države efekti porezne evazije i prevaljivanja poreza vrlo su različiti. Dok kod porezne evazije država nije ubrala predviđene iznose, pri prevaljivanju poreza, u državnu blagajnu su pritekla predviđena financijska sredstva. Autorica piše o tome kako se prevaljivanje može promatrati sa različitih stajališta te dijeliti prema različitim kriterijima.
Abstract (english) In this final work I am talking about: tax purposes, avoidance of tax liabilities and overcrowding of taxes. In the first part of work I will talk about tax purposes and how they effect on state budget. Fiscal goals are directed on satisfying country’s needs to money. In modern countries with fiscal goals there are also non-fiscal goals. They try to attempt causes that cause unbalance on market (by introducing a new tax or by increasing tax rates). Avoiding paying taxes unintentional overcrowding strongly affects the gap between the effects and the goals of taxation. So, in the case of tax evasion, the planned funds have not been recovered, so the amount of public revenue has been reduced for the amount of evasion, while in the case of tax evasion the planned income is deducted only by the persons who actually carry the tax burden different from the person whose income owed tax liability. Studying options or variants to make tax evasion is one of the first-class tasks of contemporary financial theory and practice. If a greater number of taxpayers succeed in avoiding the payment of taxes and if this happens in larger amounts, it will be prevented from executing certain tasks with the jurisdiction of the state, in the tax policy objectives will not be achieved. As the effect of tax evasion and tax evasion is the same for taxpayers. As a rule, it will generally be possible to resolve the tax burden by reversing the tax, as there are no sanctions for reimbursement, as is the case for unlawful tax evasion. From a state perspective, the effects of tax evasion and tax evasion are very different. While in the case of tax evasion, the state did not recover the foreseen sums, while in the case of overcrowding, the state budget kept the financial resources available. The author writes about how to recapture from different perspectives and to share different criteria.
Keywords
Ciljevi oporezivanja
izbjegavanje porezne obveze
prevaljivanje poreza
Keywords (english)
Tax purposes
avoidance of tax liabilities
overcrowding of taxes
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:155:279403
Study programme Title: Financial Management Study programme type: professional Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: stručni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) ekonomije (stručni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) ekonomije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
Terms of use
Public note 3789
Created on 2018-01-22 09:07:34