| Abstract | Adekvatnom perinatalnom prehranom osigurava se optimalan unos hranjivih tvari koje su važan čimbenik zdravlja trudnice i ploda. Uravnoteženom prehranom je moguće spriječiti velik broj poremećaja kod djece. Od iznimne je važnosti unos makro i mikro nutrijenata, te dovoljan unos tekućine. Bjelančevine, ugljikohidrati i masti su makronutrijenti, odnosno tvari koje su organizmu potrebne u velikim količinama. Oni osiguravaju tijelu energiju, mjerenu u kilojulima ili kilokalorijama. Vitamini i minerali su klasificirani kao mikronutrijenti jer su potrebni u relativno malim količinama, ali imaju veliku ulogu u tjelesnim procesima. Svaki vitamin ima različitu biokemijsku funkciju i sudjeluje u brojnim biokemijskim reakcijama, a nedostatak pojedinog vitamina općenito uzrokuje specifično oboljenje. Najvažniji vitamini u trudnoći su folna kiselina, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D i vitamin A. Minerale je potrebno unositi u organizam hranom ili vodom jer ih ljudski organizam ne može proizvoditi, a njihov adekvatni unos je nužan za održavanje zdravlja organizma. Od minerala, veliku važnost u trudnoći ima željezo, kalcij, magnezij i fluor.
U izradi rada provedeno je istraživanje o prehrani trudnica. Cilj je bio saznati jesu li žene mijenjale prehrambene navike u trudnoći, poznaju li važnost pravilne prehrane tijekom trudnoće, te da li poznaju važnost unosa oligoelemenata koji utječu na razvoj ploda. Rezultati su pokazali da su žene djelomično promijenile prehrambene navike tijekom trudnoće, te da na promjenu ne utječe obrazovanje. Više od polovice žena je odgovorilo da poznaje važnost uzimanja dodataka prehrani, ali neovisno o dobi i obrazovanju. Istraživanje je također pokazalo da broj trudnoća ne utječe na prirast tjelesne težine. |
| Abstract (english) | With adequate nutrition pregnant woman have to assure optimal intake of nutrients because this is an essential factor that has an impact on the health of pregnant woman and child. It is possible to prevent most of the disorders in children with balanced nutrition. Intake of macronutrients and micronutrients is significant as well as the intake of fluid. Proteins, carbohydrates and fat are macronutrients which means that an organism has a high demand for them. They provide the body with energy which measures in units called kilojoules or kilocalories. Vitamins and minerals are classified as micronutrients because they need in small amounts, in comparison with macronutrients, but they have a significant role in nutrition. Every vitamin has different biochemical function and participates in a lot of biochemical reactions, and lack of one of them can cause a particular disease. Most essential vitamins are folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin A. Minerals have to be provided by food or water because the organism cannot produce them and their adequate intake is necessary for keeping the organism healthy. When speaking about minerals, great importance in pregnancy has iron, calcium, magnesium, and fluor.
For this final thesis, the research about the nutrition of pregnant woman is conduct. The research aimed to find out if women have changed their eating habits in pregnancy if they know the importance of correct nutrition during pregnancy and do they know the importance of intake of trace elements and their influence on the growth of a fetus. The results have shown that women partially changed eating habits and that this change has no influence by the degree of education. More than half of women have answered that they know the importance of food supplements. This result is independent of age and education degree. Research has also shown that the number of pregnancies does not affect the increase in body weight. |
